This lab manual focuses on experiments related to fluid properties, flow measurements, turbines, pumps, and hydraulic machines. By performing these practicals, students learn how different fluid systems work in industries and real-life engineering applications.

Objectives of Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab

• To understand the properties of fluids like density, viscosity, and pressure.
• To study fluid flow in pipes and channels using measuring devices.
• To analyze the working principles of pumps, turbines, and other hydraulic machines.
• To develop problem-solving and practical skills through lab experiments.
• To connect theoretical concepts with practical applications.

Importance of Lab Manual Answers

1. Provides step-by-step guidance for all practicals.
2. Helps in writing accurate journals and lab records.
3. Useful during viva-voce and internal exams.
4. Assists in understanding calculations and results.
5. Supports students to score better marks in practical exams.

Experiments Covered in the Lab Manual

• Study of pressure measuring devices.
• Verification of Bernoulli’s theorem.
• Determination of coefficient of discharge using Venturimeter and Orificemeter.
• Calibration of Notches and Weirs.
• Study and performance test of centrifugal pump.
• Study and performance test of Pelton wheel turbine.
• Study and performance test of Francis turbine.
• Study of reciprocating pump.

MSBTE Practical Viva/Oral Questions and Answers

Here are Some Basic Practical Viva/Oral Questions with Simple Answers for MSBTE External VIVA/Oral Question and Answers K Scheme Mechanical Engineering 3^rd Semester from MSBTE 313309 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery Lab Manual Answers or MSBTE 313309 FMM Lab Manual Answers:

1. What is fluid mechanics?
   Fluid mechanics is the branch of science that studies the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases) at rest and in motion.
2. Define fluid.
   A fluid is a substance that deforms continuously under the action of shear stress.
3. What are the properties of fluids?
   Density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, and surface tension.
4. What is pressure?
   Pressure is the force exerted per unit area on a surface.
5. What is Pascal’s law?
   Pascal’s law states that pressure applied on a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.
6. What is Bernoulli’s theorem?
   It states that the total energy (pressure head + velocity head + elevation head) of a fluid remains constant along a streamline.
7. What is a manometer?
   A manometer is a device used to measure the pressure of fluids.
8. Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flow.
   Laminar flow is smooth and orderly, while turbulent flow is irregular and chaotic.
9. What is Reynolds number?
   Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to determine the type of flow (laminar or turbulent).
10. What is a Venturimeter?
    A Venturimeter is a device used to measure the discharge of fluid in a pipe.
11. What is coefficient of discharge?
    It is the ratio of actual discharge to theoretical discharge.
12. What is a notch?
    A notch is an opening in a tank or reservoir used to measure the rate of flow of liquid.
13. What is a weir?
    A weir is a barrier built across a river or channel to measure or control flow.
14. Differentiate between notch and weir.
    A notch is a small opening in a tank, while a weir is a barrier across an open channel.
15. What is cavitation?
    Cavitation is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a liquid due to pressure variation.
16. What is a pump?
    A pump is a hydraulic machine used to transfer fluid from one place to another.
17. What is a centrifugal pump?
    A centrifugal pump uses centrifugal force to increase the energy of fluid and discharge it.
18. What is priming of a pump?
    Priming is the process of filling the pump casing with liquid before starting to remove air pockets.
19. What is a reciprocating pump?
    A reciprocating pump is a positive displacement pump in which liquid is displaced by a piston.
20. What is a turbine?
    A turbine is a hydraulic machine that converts fluid energy into mechanical energy.
21. What is a Pelton wheel turbine?
    A Pelton wheel turbine is an impulse turbine used for high head and low discharge conditions.
22. What is a Francis turbine?
    A Francis turbine is a reaction turbine used for medium head and medium discharge.
23. What is efficiency of a turbine?
    Efficiency is the ratio of output power to input power of a turbine.
24. What is specific speed of turbine?
    It is the speed at which a geometrically similar turbine will develop unit power under unit head.
25. What is velocity triangle in turbines?
    A velocity triangle shows the relationship between absolute velocity, relative velocity, and whirl velocity of fluid in turbines.
26. What is slip in reciprocating pump?
    Slip is the difference between theoretical discharge and actual discharge.
27. Why is cavitation harmful?
    Cavitation causes vibration, noise, loss of efficiency, and damage to pump/turbine surfaces.
28. What are hydraulic machines?
    Hydraulic machines are devices that convert fluid energy into mechanical energy or vice versa.
29. Give examples of impulse turbines.
    Pelton wheel is the most common impulse turbine.
30. Give examples of reaction turbines.
    Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine are common reaction turbines.

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