Rainwater Harvesting: This is a technique used for
collecting, storing, and using rainwater for landscape irrigation and other
uses. The rainwater is collected from various hard surfaces such as rooftops
and/or other types of man-made aboveground hard surfaces.
Groundwater Recharge: This is a process by which
water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. This process usually
occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to
the water table surface. Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving
away from the water table farther into the saturated zone.
Green Belt Development: Green belts are areas of land
where urban development is restricted to protect the countryside, provide open
spaces for urban residents, and maintain the character of existing rural
communities. This kind of development includes parks, community gardens, and
other green spaces that help to improve air and water quality, reduce soil
erosion, and provide habitat for wildlife.
Use of Renewable Energy: Renewable energy is energy
that comes from resources that are naturally replenished, like sunlight, wind,
rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Using renewable energy over fossil
fuels has a number of advantages, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions,
diversifying energy supplies, and contributing to energy security.
Watershed Management: Watershed management involves
the management of land, water, and other resources in a watershed to provide
goods and services that people value. This can involve efforts to improve water
quality, manage flooding, enhance wildlife habitat, and provide recreational
opportunities.
Interlinking of Rivers: Interlinking of rivers is a
proposed large-scale civil engineering project that aims to join the rivers of
India with a network of reservoirs and canals to enhance irrigation and
groundwater recharge, reduce persistent floods in some parts, and alleviate
shortages of water in other parts. This project has been widely debated due to
the potential ecological impact, displacement of people, and changes in water
distribution it could cause.
Each of these management measures has different impacts and
effectiveness, and the selection of measures should take into account the
specific local context, available resources, and long-term sustainability.