311001 Fundamentals of ICT Books/Notes MSBTE Diploma 'K' Scheme

Fundamentals of ICT

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Fundamentals of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Introduction

 

1. Basic Concepts:

• Information Technology (IT): Refers to the use of computers and software to manage and process information.
• Communication Technology: Focuses on transmitting information over distances through various electronic means.

 

2. Hardware Components:

• Input Devices: Tools like keyboards, mice, and touchscreens that allow users to enter data into a system.
• Processing Unit: The heart of the computer, mainly the Central Processing Unit (CPU), that interprets and executes instructions.
• Output Devices: Screens, printers, and speakers that relay the results of processed data to the user.
• Storage Devices: Hard drives, SSDs, USBs, and more that store data either temporarily or permanently.

 

3. Software Components:

• Operating Systems: Software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs. Examples include Windows, MacOS, and Linux.
• Applications: Specific tools for tasks, like Microsoft Office for productivity or Adobe Photoshop for image editing.
• Utilities: Programs designed to assist in analyzing, configuring, and maintaining a system, such as antivirus software.

 

4. Networking:

• Network Types: Ranges from Personal Area Networks (PAN) to Wide Area Networks (WAN) spanning vast areas.
• Internet: A global system of interconnected computer networks using the TCP/IP protocol.
• Intranet: A private network within an organization.
• Protocols: A set of rules for transmitting data. Examples include HTTP, FTP, and SMTP.

 

5. Internet Services:

• World Wide Web: A system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via a browser.
• Email: Electronic mail used for sending and receiving messages.
• Cloud Computing: Storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of a computer's hard drive.
• E-commerce: The buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.

 

6. Cybersecurity:

• Malware: Software designed to harm or exploit any device, network, or service.
• Firewalls: Systems that control incoming and outgoing network traffic.
• Encryption: The process of converting information into a code to prevent unauthorized access.

 

7. ICT Ethics and Society:

• Digital Footprint: The trail of data created by interactions in a digital environment.
• Privacy Concerns: The challenges related to the protection of personal data.
• Digital Divide: The disparity between those who have access to modern ICT and those who don't.

 

Conclusion: