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Basic Principles:
- Introduction
to ICE:
- History
and evolution.
- Applications
and types: spark-ignition (SI) engines, compression-ignition (CI)
engines.
- Basic
Engine Components:
- Cylinder,
piston, connecting rod, crankshaft, camshaft, valves, spark plug, fuel
injectors.
- Engine
Terminology:
- Bore,
stroke, displacement, compression ratio, clearance volume, etc.
Engine Cycles:
- Otto
Cycle (used
mainly in gasoline engines).
- Diesel
Cycle (used
mainly in diesel engines).
- Dual
Combustion Cycle.
- Atkinson
and Miller Cycles.
Engine Systems and Design:
- Fuel
Systems:
- Carburetion,
fuel injection (port, direct).
- Ignition
Systems:
- Battery
and magneto systems, electronic ignition.
- Cooling
Systems:
- Air
cooling, water cooling, engine coolant.
- Lubrication
Systems:
- Splash
and pressure lubrication, types of engine oils.
- Intake
and Exhaust Systems:
- Air-fuel
mixture preparation, turbochargers, superchargers, exhaust gas treatment.
Combustion:
- Combustion in SI Engines:
- Flame propagation, knock and pre-ignition, octane rating.
- Combustion in CI Engines:
- Diesel knock, delay period, cetane rating.
Performance and Testing:
- Engine Performance Parameters:
- Brake power, indicated power, thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption.
- Engine Testing:
- Dynamometers, Morse test, heat balance test.
Emissions:
- Pollutants from ICE:
- CO, HC, NOx, particulates, and their effects on the environment.
- Emission Control Techniques:
- Catalytic converters, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), diesel particulate filters.
Recent Trends:
- Alternative Fuels:
- Ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, natural gas.
- Hybrid Engines:
- Combination of ICE with electric motors.
This is a generalized overview of the concepts and topics usually covered in an Internal Combustion Engines course or subject. Depending on the level of study (introductory, advanced, etc.), the depth and breadth of each topic can vary.